Questionando o fracasso estatal
um balanço da literatura crítica
Palabras clave:
Estados Falidos, Terrorismo, Segurança internacional, Relações internacionais, DiscursoResumen
O objetivo do artigo é revisar as críticas ao conceito de Estado Falido e evidenciar como as mesmas ampliam o debate contemporâneo sobre o tema. Para tanto, optamos por dividi-las em três linhas: primeiramente, as contribuições que questionam as formas de se identificar o fracasso estatal; em segundo lugar, aquelas que problematizam a relação Esta-dos Falidos e proliferação do terrorismo transnacional; e, em terceiro lugar, as obras que privilegiam a forma como o discurso sobre Estados Falidos é construído e utilizado para a ação política.
Descargas
Citas
BILGIN, Pinar; MORTON, Adam (2002). “Historicizing representations of ‘Failed States’: beyond the Cold-War annexation of the social sciences?”. Third World Quarterly, v. 23, n. 1, p. 55-80.
_____. (2004). “From ‘Rogue’ to ‘Failed’ State? The fallacy of short-termism”. Politics, v. 24, n. 3, p. 169-180.
_____. (2007). “Rethinking State Failure: the political economy of security”. In: LAMBACH, Daniel; DEBIEL, Tobias (orgs.). State Failure revisited I: globalization of security and neighborhood effects. INEF REPORT 87. Institut für Entwicklung und Frieden – INEF, Universität Duisburg-Essen.
BØÅS, Morten; JENNINGS, Kathleen (2007). “‘Failed States’ and ‘State Failure’: threats or opportunities?”. Globalizations, v. 4, n. 4, p. 475-485.
CARMENT, David (2003). “Assessing State Failure: implications for theory and policy”. Third World Quarterly, v. 24, n. 3, p. 407-427.
CARMENT, David; SAMY, Yiagadeesen (2011). “Engaging Fragile States: closing the gap between theory and policy”. Global Dialogue, v. 13, n. 1, p. 1-11.
CARMENT, David et al. (2006). “The 2006 Country Indicators for Foreign Policy: opportunities and challenges for Canada”. Canadian Foreign Policy, v. 13, n.1, p. 1-35.
CHAPAUX, Vincent (2009). “Imposición de un modelo universal del Estado Exitoso? Estudio de la noción de Estado Fallido”. Cuadernos sobre Relaciones Internacionales, Regionalismo y Dessarollo, v. 4, n. 7, p. 117-144.
CHAPAUX, Vincent; WILÉN, Nina (2009). “Can you express your discontent when you’re considered a Failed State? From an ethic of identity to an ethic of capacity”. In: WORLD CONGRESS IPSA, Santiago, Chile.
EASTERLY, William; FRESCHI, Laura (2010). “Top 5 reasons why ‘Failed State’ is a ‘Failed’ Concept”. Disponível em: <http://aidwatchers.com/2010/01/top-5-reasons-why-%E2%80%9Cfailed-state%E2%80%9D-is-a-failedconcept/>.Acesso em: 26 out. 2011.
FOREIGN POLICY (2005). The Failed States Index. Washington D.C.: Washingtonpost. Newsweek Interactive.
FUKUYAMA, Francis (2005). Construção de Estados: governo e organização mundial no século XXI. Rio de Janeiro: Rocco.
FUND FOR PEACE (2011). The Failed States Index 2011. Disponível em: <http://www.fundforpeace.org>. Acesso em: 26 out. 2011.
GOLDSTONE, Jack (2008). “Pathways to State Failure”. Conflict Management and Peace Science, n. 25, p. 285-296.
GOLDSTONE, Jack et al. (2000). “State Failure task force report: phase III findings”. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 2 nov. 2011.
GOMES, Aureo de Toledo (2008). Do colapso à reconstrução: Estados Falidos, operações de nation-building e o caso do Afeganistão no Pós Guerra Fria. Dissertação de mestrado em Ciência Política, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, USP, São Paulo.
_____. (2012). O colapso e a reconstrução: uma análise do discurso sobre Estados Falidos e Reconstrução de Estados. Tese de doutorado em Ciência Política, São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, USP.
HALPER, Stefan (2010). “Beijing’s coalition of the willing”. Foreign Policy, jul./ago.
HEHIR, Aidan (2007). “The myth of the Failed State and the War on Terror: a challenge to conventional wisdom”.
Journal of Intervention and Peacebuilding, v. 1, n. 3, p. 307-333.
HELMAN, Gerald; RATNER, Steven (1993). “Saving Failed States”. Foreign Policy, n. 89, p. 3-18.
HILL, Jonathan (2005). “Beyond the Other? A postcolonial critique of the Failed State thesis”. African Identities, v. 3, n. 2, p. 139-154.
_____. (2009). “Challenging the Failed States thesis: IMF and World Bank intervention in Algerian civil war”. Civil Wars, n. 1, p. 39-56.
HUGHES, Caroline; PUPAVAC, Vanessa (2005). “Framing post-conflict societies: international pathologisation of Cambodia and the post-Yugoslav States”. Third World Quarterly, v. 26, n. 6, p. 873-889.
KRASNER, Stephen; PASCUAL, Carlos (2005). “Addressing State Failure”. Foreign Affairs, v. 84, n. 4, p. 153-163.
KRISHNA, Sankaran (2009). Globalization and postcolonialism: hegemony and resistance in the twenty-first century. New York: Rowan & Littlefield Publishers.
LINKLATER, Andrew (2007). Critical theory and world politics: citizenship, sovereignty and humanity. New York: Routledge.
MAC GINTY, Roger (2012). International peacebuilding and local resistance: hybrid forms of peace. New York: Palgrave.
MANJIKIAN, Mary (2008). “Diagnosis, intervention, and cure: the illness narrative in the discourse of the failed state”. Alternatives, v. 33, p. 335-357.
MATA, Javier Fabra; ZIAJA, Sebastian (2009). User’s guide on measuring fragility. Bonn: German Development Institute.
MONTEIRO, Leandro (2006). O conceito de Estado fracassado nas relações internacionais: origens, definições e implicações teóricas. Dissertação de mestrado em Relações Internacionais, São Paulo, Programa San Tiago Dantas de Relações Internacionais, Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP.
MORENO, Marta Fernandez (2011). Uma leitura pós-colonial sobre as “novas” operações de paz da ONU: o caso da Somália. Tese de doutorado em Relações Internacionais, Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, PUC-Rio.
NASSER, Reginaldo (2009). “Os Estados Falidos: novas ameaças e novas oportunidades”. In: NASSER, Reginaldo (org.). Os conflitos Internacionais em suas múltiplas dimensões. São Paulo: Ed. Unesp.
NEWMAN, Edward (2007). “Weak States, State Failure, and terrorism”. Terrorism and Political Violence, v. 19, p. 463-488.
_____. (2009). “Failed States and international order: constructing a post-Westphalian world”. Contemporary Security Policy, v. 30, n. 3, p. 421-443.
NOGUEIRA, João; MESSARI, Nizar (2005). Teoria das relações internacionais. Rio de Janeiro: Campus.
PAPE, Robert A.; FELDMAN, James K (2010). Cutting the fuse: the explosion of global suicide terrorism and how to stop it. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
PATRICK, Stewart (2007). “Failed States and global security: empirical questions and policy dilemmas”. International Studies Review, v. 9, p. 644-662.
PIAZZA, James (2006). “Rooted in poverty? Terrorism, poor economic development and social cleavages. Terrorism and Political Violence, v. 18, p. 159-177.
_____. (2008). “Do democracy and free markets protect us from terrorism?”. International Politics, v. 45, p. 72-91.
PUREZA, José et al. (2007). “Do States Fail or are they pushed? Lessons from three former Portuguese colonies”. In: 48TH ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ASSOCIATION (ISA), Chicago.
RASHID, Ahmed (2001). Taliban: the story of Afghan warlords. London: Pan Books.
RESENDE, Erica (2010). A crítica pós-moderna/pós-estruturalista nas relações internacionais. Boa Vista, Roraima: Ed. UFRR.
RICE, Susan; PATRICK, Stewart (2009). Index of State weakness in the developing world. Washington D.C.: Brookings.
RICHMOND, Oliver (org.) (2010). Palgrave advances in peacebuilding: critical developments and approaches. London: Palgrave.
_____. (2011). A post-liberal peace. New York: Routledge.
ROTBERG, Robert (2004). “The failure and collapse of Nation States: breakdown, prevention, and repair”. In:
ROTBERG, Robert (org.). When States fail: causes and consequences. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
SANÍN, Francisco Gutierrez (2011). “Evaluating State performance: a critical view of State Failure and fragility indexes”. European Journal of Development Research, v. 23, n. 1, p. 20-42.
YOUNG, Robert (2009). Postcolonialism: an historical introduction. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
ZARTMAN, I. William (1995). “Introduction: posing the problem of State collapse”. In: ZARTMAN, I. William (org.). Collapsed States: the disintegration and restoration of legitimate authority. Colorado: Lynne Rienner.
