O texto como dado
desafios e oportunidades para as ciências sociais
Palabras clave:
Análise Automatizada de Conteúdo, Semelhança entre Textos, Métodos de Classificação, Métodos de Escalonamento, Big DataResumen
A comunicação é instrumento fundamental para as relações humanas. É por meio dela, por exemplo, que valores são construídos, símbolos sociais são estabelecidos, tradições são repassadas, debates são concretizados, a política se materializa e o conflito político se expressa. Foco de análises dos cientistas sociais há séculos, a análise do conteúdo transmitido na comunicação sempre esteve restrita à necessidade de volumes relevantes de recursos para a avaliação manual de grandes acervos. Revertendo esse quadro limitado, recentes desenvolvimentos tecnológico, computacional e científico permitem que as ciências sociais potencializem sua investigação reduzindo drasticamente os custos envolvidos na análise de grandes acervos. Por intermédio de novos métodos desenvolvidos, atualmente, é possível verificar comportamentos que antes não eram observáveis, medir quantidades anteriormente imensuráveis e testar hipóteses até então impossíveis de serem testadas. Nesse escopo, o principal objetivo deste artigo é manter as ciências sociais brasileiras na fronteira desse processo e apresentar ao leitor um leque atualizado das principais metodologias de análise automatizada de conteúdo. Sem esgotar suas inúmeras possibilidades, este artigo é um guia para a inovadora e instigante área de pesquisa do texto como dado.
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