Le statut de réfugié et les droits de l’homme
un débat théorique
Résumé
A quels droits les réfugiés peuvent-ils prétendre ? Dans cet article, j’analyse les nombreux défis que deux traditions théoriques interdépendantes des études sur les réfugiés se sont implicitement posés l’une à l’autre. Tout d’abord, j’examine l’hypothèse des philosophes analytiques selon laquelle nous ne pouvons pas comprendre la nature d’une demande de statut de réfugié tant que nous ne savons pas ce qui permet à un individu de la faire – c’est-à-dire, quelle cause profonde de déplacement pourrait expliquer et justifier un tel statut. Après avoir examiné les études critiques sur la citoyenneté, je discute principalement d’une tradition arendtienne renouvelée dont la revendication cosmopolite a préconisé l’octroi du droit de citoyenneté à tous ceux qui sont déplacés. En démontrant pourquoi chaque réponse laisse place à de fortes réfutations par l’autre partie, je rends explicite l’urgence de repenser le régime international des réfugiés d’aujourd’hui ainsi que la place de la théorie politique dans ce régime.
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Références
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