Le pouvoir exécutif prérogatif aux Etats-Unis
une étape importante, deux courants en litige
Mots-clés :
Prérogative de l’exécutif, Constitutionnalisme, Urgence, Séparation des Pouvoirs, Etats-UnisRésumé
Les discussions sur le pouvoir exécutif prérogatif aux Etats-Unis remettent à deux débats fondamentaux de la Constitution américaine, la séparation des pouvoirs et la contribution du concept de John Locke sur l’expansion et l’utilisation de ce pouvoir par les présidents en cas d’urgence. Cependant, le bombardement du World Trade Center a apporté un nouvel élan à ces discussions, compte tenu de l’étendue des pouvoirs accordés à l’exécutif après l’événement et de son utilisation intensive au niveau domestique. Cet article vise à présenter brièvement les modèles analytiques de la prérogative avant et après le 11 Septembre en utilisant deux lignes en confrontation ouverte et directe. D’um côté, la dimension lockéenne extralégales ou extraconstitutionnelle et, de l’autre, la dimensions de ses critiques.
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Références
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