Divisão de autoridade em estados unitários e federais e difusão de políticas
Palavras-chave:
Estados Unitários, Estados Federais, Divisão de Poder, Transferência de Políticas Públicas, Difusão de Políticas PúblicasResumo
No artigo analisamos a relação entre divisão vertical de poder dentro de um sistema político e transferência, difusão ou aprendizado de políticas entre as unidades constituintes. Sob essa ótica, discutimos fluxos verticais e horizontais de disseminação de políticas, formas de indução ou coerção pelo governo central e mecanismos como imitação, competição ou cooperação entre unidades subnacionais de estados unitários ou federais que interferem no espraiamento de políticas. Como estratégia metodológica, usamos dados e resultados de pesquisas publicadas em periódicos científicos a fim de identificar características e padrões distintivos da transferência, da difusão ou do aprendizado de políticas relacionados com a estrutura de divisão de poder entre governo central e unidades subcentrais. Concluímos que elementos como forma de repartição de competências, regras eleitorais, padrões de carreira na burocracia governamental, competição entre as unidades e grau de descentralização influenciam a transferência, difusão ou aprendizado de políticas em sistemas unitários ou federais.
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